GoTo Financial covers services such as GoPay, GoSure, GoInvestasi, GoPayLater, Midtrans and Moka. Tokopedia is one of Indonesia's most popular online shopping portals and, it has been reported, its ‘most valuable tech business after Gojek itself’. Kevin Aluwi is the company's CEO and he has said it was "founded on the realization that we could better utilize the informal sector to reduce life’s daily frictions for people in Indonesia". Gojek is an on-demand multi-service platform that books drivers for transportation or for other services such as grocery deliveries. GoTo comprises three business arms: Gojek, Tokopedia, and GoTo Financial. On 11 April 2022, GoTo listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a $1.1 billion IPO at a price of 338 IDR per share, climbing more than 15% to 388 IDR in the first day of trading. In March 2022, GoTo announced that it would list on the Indonesia Stock Exchange the following month, expecting to issue 52 million shares, and raise at least US$1.1 billion from the IPO. In December 2021, it was reported that GoTo had "hired banks to help it raise around US$1 billion" from an initial public offering (IPO) in Indonesia. In May 2021, GoTo's financial services arm, GoTo Financial, was also created at the same time as the merger. GoTo was founded in May 2021 and it was reported shortly afterwards that the combined entity had 100 million monthly active users, more than 11 million merchants, and over 2 million drivers and offered e-commerce, ride-hailing, food delivery and financial services among other offerings. In 2015, the two companies began a partnership, through which Gojek drivers delivered Tokopedia products. Gojek was founded in Indonesia in 2010 as a call center to arrange transportation and courier deliveries, while Tokopedia was founded in Indonesia in 2009 as an e-commerce platform. Īlibaba and SoftBank each own about 9 per cent of GoTo. GoTo is the most valuable startup in Indonesia, contributes to about 2% of the country's GDP. The company was formed in 2021 in a merger - the largest in the country at that time between Indonesia's two most valuable startups, ride-hailing giant Gojek and e-commerce firm Tokopedia. PT GoTo Gojek Tokopedia Tbk, trading as GoTo, is an Indonesian holding company.
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To maintain this Vin across itself, the capacitor forces the voltage at Vout to be equal to 2*Vin, making the equivalent voltage across the capacitor equal to Vin. Because of this, the capacitor will try to maintain an equivalent voltage of Vin across itself. Here, the negative terminal of C1 is connected to Vin while the positive terminal is connected to Vout.Īs established earlier, the voltage across a capacitor cannot immediately change. In the common phase, SW1 and SW2 are open and SW3 and SW4 are closed. Now with C1 charged to Vin, we switch to the common phase shown in Figure 4.įigure 4. In the common phase, the capacitor maintains the voltage across it by boosting its positive terminal to 2*Vin As shown in Figure 3, in this phase, the positive and negative terminals of C1 are connected to Vin and GND respectively.įigure 3. In the gain phase, the capacitor is charged to VinĪs such the capacitor is charged up until the voltage across its terminals is equal to Vin. In the gain phase, SW1 and SW2 are closed while SW3 and SW4 are open. The operation of this circuit is in two phases: the gain phase and the common phase. To get a better understanding of how charge pumps work, we’ll now look at a fundamental example: the voltage doubler circuit.Īs shown in Figure 2, our voltage doubler circuit consists of one single capacitor controlled by four surrounding switches.įigure 2. Charge pumps work to exploit this behavior in order to manipulate the voltage across a capacitor through the use of carefully timed switches.Ĭharge Pump Voltage Doubler Circuit Example Since this is not physically possible, we see that a capacitor cannot abruptly change the voltage across its terminals. As defined by the capacitor I-V equation, in order for a capacitor to change its voltage instantaneously, it would require an infinite amount of current. Through alternatively charging and discharging capacitors, a charge pump can increase or decrease a given input voltage to the desired level.įrom a lower-level perspective, charge pump circuits work on the basic principle that the voltage across a capacitor cannot change instantaneously. Schematic of a simple charge pump circuit. With that in mind, let's explore charge pump circuits, the fundamentals of how they work, and their applications.Ī charge pump circuit, or charge pump regulator, is a kind of DC-DC converter that leverages switched-capacitor techniques to either increase or decrease an input voltage level.Īs shown in Figure 1, these circuit blocks generally consist of nothing but capacitors and switches (i.e clock-controlled field-effect transistors or FETs) and work by carefully timing and controlling these switches to exploit the charge transfer characteristics of capacitors. Discrete designs usually use diodes rather than transistors to implement the required switching operation.įigure 1. While there are many applications and use cases for switched-capacitor circuits, one of the most fundamental is the charge pump circuit. In a previous article, we introduced the concept of switched capacitor circuits, how they work, and why they’re a valuable technique in analog circuit design. |